AGPJ-GSK MASTER CLASS Extract
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Key Points:
Symptoms: Urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, and weak urinary stream.
Management:
Medications: Alpha-blockers (e.g., tamsulosin) relax prostate muscles; 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride) shrink prostate tissue.
Surgery: Minimally invasive options like transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for non-responsive cases.
Follow-up: Regular monitoring to adjust treatment as necessary.
Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR)
Key Points:
Definition: Resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial medications, making infections harder to treat.
Causes: Overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
Strategies to Combat AMR:
Judicious Use of Antibiotics: Only when prescribed and completing the full course.
Infection Prevention: Enhanced measures in healthcare settings.
Research: Developing new antibiotics and alternative treatments.
Education: Informing patients about proper antibiotic use.
Antimicrobial Stewardship: Programs in healthcare settings to optimize antibiotic use.
Asthma
Key Points:
Nature: Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with symptoms like airflow obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation.
Management:
First-line Treatment: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to reduce inflammation.
Additional Treatment: Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for moderate to severe cases.
Personalized Action Plan: Includes avoiding triggers, using prescribed medications, and symptom monitoring.
Follow-up: Regular appointments to assess control and adjust treatment.
Allergic Rhinitis
Key Points:
Nature: IgE-mediated inflammatory response to allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites, animal dander).
Symptoms: Sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and itching.
Management:
Allergen Avoidance: Identifying and avoiding triggers.
Pharmacotherapy: Intranasal corticosteroids for controlling symptoms; antihistamines and decongestants for relief.
Immunotherapy: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), administered subcutaneously or sublingually, to modify immune response.
Follow-up: Ensuring adherence to treatment plan for optimal symptom control.